TERRACES

Keystone products can be used to create terraces or tiered walls. However, it should be noted that the upper terraces will put pressure on the lower terrace if the walls are too close together. Designing with soil reinforcement geogrids can provide sound structures in these circumstances. To avoid having the upper wall impart loading on the lower wall, a simple rule of thumb is that the terrace distance between any two walls should be equal to twice the height of the lower wall. This rule does not apply to walls built on steep slopes or over poor soils of low friction strength, in which case they need to be evaluated for global stability on a specific project basis.

GUARDRAILS / HANDRAILS

Guardrails / handrails can easily be placed along the top of a Keystone wall using standard industry procedures. Guardrail posts may be of wood or steel sections. Periodic interruption of the reinforcement zone for this purpose is part of the system capability. Handrails can be fastened directly to Keystone units.

COPING

Keystone walls can meet the designer's requirements of capping with optional coping of concrete (either site cast or precast), stone or other appropriate materials. This option can be used to anchor a handrail barrier along the top of the wall or to create a crash impact barrier.

STEPS

Keystone products offer tremendous design flexibility and make an attractive option for residential step designs. Steps and stairs can be customized to fit a variety of applications.